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Melanin

Melanin may be a broad term for a gaggle of natural pigments found in most organisms. Melanin is produced through a multistage chemical change referred to as melanogenesis, where the oxidation of the aminoalkanoic acid tyrosine is followed by polymerization. The melanin pigments are produced during a specialized group of cells referred to as melanocytes.There is three basic sorts of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin. The foremost common type is melanin, of which there are two type brown eumelanin and black melanin. Pheomelanin may be a cysteine-derivative that contains polybenzothiazine portions that are largely liable for the colour of red hair, among other pigmentation. Neuromelanin is found within the brain. Research has been undertaken to research its efficacy in treating neuro degenerative disorders like Parkinson's. Within the human skin, melanogenesis is initiated by exposure to UV radiation, causing the skin to darken. Melanin is an efficient absorbent of light; the pigment is in a position to dissipate over 99.9% of absorbed UV radiation. due to this property, melanin is assumed to guard skin cells from UVB radiation damage, reducing the danger of folate depletion and dermal degradation, and it's considered that exposure to UV radiation is related to increased risk of melanoma , a cancer of melanocytes (melanin cells). Studies have shown a lower incidence for carcinoma in individuals with more concentrated melanin, i.e. darker skin tone.

 

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