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Temporomandibular Disorders

The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the 2 joints that connect lower jaw to the skull. They are the joints that slide and rotate in front of each ear, and consist of mandible (the lower jaw) and the temporal bone (the side and base of the skull). The TMJs are among the most complex joints in the body. These joints, along with several muscles, allow the mandible to move up and down, side to side, and forward and back. When the mandible and the joints are properly aligned, smooth muscle actions, such as chewing, talking, yawning, and swallowing, can take place. If these structures (muscles, ligaments, disk, jaw bone,  temporal bone) are not synchronized or aligned properly in terms of movement, it can result in several problems

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are associated with jaw muscles, temporomandibular joints, and the nerves associated with chronic facial pain. Any problem that prevents the complex system of muscles, bones, and joints from working together in harmony can result in temporomandibular disorder.

In many cases, the actual cause of the disorder is unclear. The main cause can be excessive strain on the jaw joints and the muscle group that controls chewing, swallowing, and speech. This strain may be a result of bruxism which is the habitual, involuntary clenching or grinding of the teeth. Trauma to the jaw, the head, or the neck may result in TMD. Arthritis and displacement of the jaw joint disks can also cause TMD pain. In other cases, medical conditions such as fibromyalgia or irritable bowel syndrome may overlap with or worsen the pain of TMD. 

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