Manifestations of Love of the Young Adult to Mistreat Your Partner

Received: 14-Dec-2019 Accepted Date: Dec 21, 2019; Published: 08-Jan-2020

Citation: Casique LC, Rodriguez AH. Manifestations of Love of the Young Adult to Mistreat Your Partner. Health Pol 2020;3(1):13 -20.

This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits reuse, distribution and reproduction of the article, provided that the original work is properly cited and the reuse is restricted to noncommercial purposes. For commercial reuse, contact reprints@pulsus.com

Abstract

Introduction: Violence is a public health problem that affects a large part of the female population in our country, since it has great consequences that affect some aspects of women, such as their emotional, physical and social status, however this violence It is normally exercised by your partner in which you justify it with love. It is worth mentioning that this work was carried out with young adult men who exercised some kind of violence with their partner. The present investigation had the purpose of knowing and understanding how the manifestations of love of the violent young people are, in addition the behavior of the young adult male in the society was identified, and to be support to the nursing staff so that the correspondinginterventions can be developed.

Purpose: To understand how the manifestations of love of the young adult are in violating their partner.

Materials and methods: The study was qualitative, analytical, discourse analysis was performed and the Theory Based on the Data was applied. The sampling was of an intentional type, the participating subjects were young adult males who violated their partner and met the inclusion criteria. Validly informed consent was obtained prior to the participation of young adults.

Results: 33.33% with 25 years and 40% 35 years. In marital status, 60% were registered who are married; their schooling of the interviewees was 26.66% with secondary school and at the bachelor's or engineering level. 100% professed a Catholic religion; 60% live with their partner and 20% alone. In terms of the number of couples who have had 20%, they have had five couples; 66.66% had an employee occupation and 26.66% were professionals. In the drinks accustomed to drinking in meetings or parties, 93.33% drink beer, 80% tequila, 33.33% brandi, cover 55.55% and the crazy waters 60%; in the drugs that they normally used are 80% tobacco, 13.33% marijuana, 6.66% cocaine and crystal.

Conclusions: It is important to prevent violence in both genders since man must understand and understand the reasons for the appearance of violence in love relationships, and therefore intervene in order to prevent it.

Keywords

Introduction

One of the basic forms of coexistence of society, is the couple, in which certain rules are established, which must be respected and fulfilled by their members, because in these relationships the couple must feel attraction, have kindness behaviors, must there is a compatibility, trust and fidelity, have expectations and have common tastes to cope with a coexistence with better understanding and trust between both members, which will lead them to resolve positively and assertively the conflicts that may arise. However, in the absence of what has been written before, the peers usually have little affective behaviors and aggressive and/or violent attitudes, and it is at this point that one can say that there is violence in the couple [1]. One of the basic forms of coexistence of society, is the couple, in which certain rules are established, which must be respected and fulfilled by their members, because in these relationships the couple must feel attraction, have kindness behaviors, must There is a compatibility, trust and fidelity, have expectations and have common tastes to cope with a coexistence with better understanding and trust between both members, which will lead them to resolve positively and assertively the conflicts that may arise. However, in the absence of what has been written before, the peers usually have little affective behaviors and aggressive and/or violent attitudes, and it is at this point that one can say that there is violence in the couple. One of the basic forms of coexistence of society is the couple, in which certain rules are established, which must be respected and fulfilled by their members, because in these relationships the couple must feel attraction, has kindness behaviors, must. There is a compatibility, trust and fidelity, have expectations and have common tastes to cope with a coexistence with better understanding and trust between both members, which will lead them to resolve positively and assertively the conflicts that may arise. However, in the absence of what has been written before, the peers usually have little affective behaviors and aggressive and/or violent attitudes, and it is at this point that one can say that there is violence in the couple [1].

The phenomenon of violence is a problem that undoubtedly occupies the eyes of all sciences which has the need to understand it and be able to intervene to avoid its increase in the population internationally. One of the important causes that generate the violence of couple is undoubtedly the codependence that develops one of its members, since they have different meanings and manifestations, under what criteria their love relationship will be based, where family, culture, religion, beliefs has some influence on such relationship.

Violence is defined as a phenomenon of aggressive behavior towards women because of their gender status, physical, psychological, sexual and other types of controlling, intimidating or threatening behaviors are part of the common aggressive behaviors that the offender develops with his victim; On the part of the victim it is a phenomenon with repercussions on health and with a strong social impact [2].

The mistreatment of women is clearly a violation of human rights and certainly affects the important ramifications of public health, social and economic development, women have an immense burden of violence by men, see as husband or partner, he says The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 that women in America have suffered physical and sexual violence by their partner, husband or other male aggressors, however comparing the likelihood of violence, man suffers only in the context of armed conflicts and/or criminal activities and women are more likely to suffer violence that are caused by people who are close to her such as husbands and partners, given the severity and frequency of abuse, women may have strong and serious consequences such as injuries, illnesses or even death, that is why every day we fight to reduce violence. However, although this phenomenon is within the important international agendas such as health, human rights, development, peace and security, there is still a gap between the recognition of the problem, the declarations, the commitments, consensus documents, resolutions and especially the reality that each woman has in this problem [3].

According to the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control in the United States, it considers that dating violence is a problem that affects public health since it reported 2,340 deaths in 2007, of these 70% were women and 30% men, which is relevant since the female sex is more vulnerable to violence by men than vice versa, due to the cultures and behaviors adopted and learned by each person according to their lifestyle and the convenience they have to cope with their love relationship. There are data published by the Police in the Latin American Network of Security and Organized Crime that mention that in Ecuador 6 out of 10 women have suffered some type of gender violence, which 87.3% have suffered physical violence, it should be mentioned that the mistreatment of women is critical as it is said that more than half of the female population is violently consecutively [4].

Studies indicate that women over 15 years of age when they are married or in free union have physical, psychological, sexual violence, which is associated with alcohol and jealousy by men, registering as a cause the lack of communication, lack of personality and time to solve the problems, these being of an economic and/or sexual nature and due to differences in education, interests and tastes [5]. It is important to point out that men and women are within that toxic-violent relationship and they also express feeling mutual love, since love has a subjective meaning for each person, Therefore, being mistreated or mistreating the couple is He accepts that it is a manifestation of affection or feeling towards the couple since society and culture so describe it, and the members of the relationship accept it.

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) concludes that in 10 Latin American countries they emphasize that dating violence is a social and public health problem that is in the daily lives of women; violence is expressed in abusive relations of power and control against the victim and impunity of the aggressors. The National Survey of Family Relations and Gender Violence against Women in 2011 indicates that in Ecuador 6 out of 10 women have suffered some type of violence by their partner, which 87.3% have suffered physical violence during their love relationship [6].

The global prevalence reports that 35% of women have suffered some type of dating violence at some time in their lives, in Mexico the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) reported in 2011 that 24 566 381 Mexicans over 15 years (45%) suffered episodes of abuse or aggression by their partner throughout their relationship, which is logical at that stage since young people exercise behaviors that their relatives, friends or other people in their environment perform and especially the violent ones since they gain more domination and control with their partners [7].

In the stage of courtship it is allowed to know the person whether their personality, attitudes and their tastes, therefore it is important that the people involved in a relationship carefully observe the attitudes and behaviors that their peers have since if it is intended to control, isolate, belittle, assault, are indicators that the person has violent behaviors and that they can continue or even get worse if the relationship ends in a greater commitment such as marriage; and if what the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says in its article 5 is taken into consideration, which states that violence cannot be seen as an appropriate or natural conduct within a relationship, since the person is subjected to treatment totally degrading, then with this it can be clarified that any person who suffers violence and/or mistreatment by their partner must be welcomed and helped to overcome the situation, of course, the aggressor must also be supported in their behaviors and in whatever they need [8].

There are differences in the demonstrations of love between men and women; for example, the woman can be unconditional, complacent, gives too much swithout asking for anything in return and even more than necessary, on the other hand the man loves in a possessive, dominant and even lustful way, regardless of his wife's needs, to him the only predominant thing is his satisfaction with the present needs he has, which fosters violence within the couple's relationship; even that it is accepted as something normal where the man is allowed to be the dominant and possessive and the woman submerged and selfless [9].

The cycle of violence can start from dating and continue until marriage, the signs of violence in a relationship that are more common are like jealousy, possessiveness, a totally exaggerated temper, which somehow these characteristics are considered normal in "true love" for women, for men and even for other people in their environment; However, couples begin to accumulate tensions and there is a limit that differences, disagreements and bad encounters between the couple are evident during their daily lives and face events in labor, economic problems, inconsequential events such as a badly made meal, Jealousy for a neighbor, friend or co-worker. It is common that the aggressions as a first time are psychological, which can be teasing, criticism, contempt, which can affect the self-esteem and confidence of the woman; but after the insults you can move on to physical aggression, not necessarily serious but with a push, a slap is enough to exceed limits and lose respect for the couple; when all the facts happen, the man feels remorse, however he does not see it as something serious, nor does he feel guilt for his acts since he has them justified and makes him know the woman as acts of love or love; but it is not something temporary, the cycle repeats itself again and with much more aggressiveness and tension, the man in each act usually repents but defends himself justifying his actions, repentance can be shown with acts such as kneeling, pleading, saying that he loves her too much, asking him sorry, that without her she cannot live, and above all telling her that the aggression will never be repeated, which is totally false, but the other part, that is, the woman believes her and also makes the promise not to incite again back to your partner so you don't lose control of your emotions and attack her again. Of course, with the passage of time the aggressions will be present and in a more serious way, therefore the promises and repentance offered by the man are less sincere for the woman and therefore the man changes tactics, they become threats, blackmail, pressures; in such a way that it reminds him that he must be with him in bad times and in good times, that he has to be “a good wife”, even if there are important people for the woman, he threatens to harm them, or blackmail him from taking off his life, and because of the pressures that the woman has, she is unable to leave this cycle because her self-concept is damaged and she cannot act clearly because of fear that she may present in those moments [10].

People who were raised in their childhood by an environment of violence, where love was not shown but rejection was manifested, lack of communication, these people lack affection, empathy, acceptance and stability in their lives, and therefore when they become adults they grow up with the ideology that they will not find in their life the desires of being loved and accepted, therefore when they have violent behavior towards their partner, they think that they are correct and also consider it as an act of love [11].

In society there are addictive, insane, selfish, dependent and overwhelming loves that demand attention, and demand resignations from those involved, giving similarity to a childish love; this love is the most common in our cultures, which refers to what the subject likes, which is characterized or manifested by: obsession, demand, irrationality, immaturity, jealousy and emotional dependence. Addictive love generates dissatisfaction in the couple and in the individual, this manifesting itself in the way of anxiety, depression, anguish, violence, suicide and homicide, this because in the subject there is an overload of emotions, sensations, thoughts that you want to vent and it is of the most appropriate way possible for him to feel satisfied and not vulnerable [12].

Materials and Methods

Qualitative and analytical research, in which discourse analysis was performed and the Grounded Theory of Data was applied. The study was conducted from August 2017 to September 2018 with a final sample of 15 young adults, who are residents of Villagrán, Guanajuato Mexico who have at least had a loving partner to give their testimony. The selection of the subjects was intentionally respecting the inclusion criteria (Young adults from 25 to 35 who violate their partner and who will accept to participate in the study by signing the corresponding consent) and until obtaining the theoretical sampling. The first part is personal data of young adults, and in the second section there are 5 questions that focus on identifying through speech what are the manifestations of love you have with your partner that you violate.

The study procedure included the application of the interview through a focus group, carried out in the facilities of an educational institution of the locality and lasting 30 minutes, once obtained the narrative information of young adults were written the textual words of the interviews, the triangulation of the data was carried out and analyzed in an artisanal way, using for this purpose, the Grounded Theory of the Data.

Results

It was found that the distribution by age group showed the following values, the total of young adults ranged between 25 and 35 years of age, all were of men, with respect to marital status, 60% mentioned that they were married, 20% single, and the remaining percentage mentioned that they lived in free union. Regarding the schooling of the participants, 26.66% reported having high school, 33.33 high school or high school and 26.66% mentioned having a bachelor's or engineering level at the time of data collection. All mentioned professing the Catholic religion. Regarding the number of couples who have had 33.33%, I mention that only one couple, 12.33% two couples, another 12.33% three couples, 20% said they had 5 couples while 12.33% said they had nine couples. Regarding the consumption of beverages that they usually drink at meetings or parties, 93.33% drink beer, 80% tequila, 33.33% brandi, cover 55.55% and crazy waters 60%; in the drugs that they normally used are 80% tobacco, 13.33% marijuana, 6.66% cocaine and crystal.

In relation to qualitative data based on the Grounded Theory of Data, a concept map was developed describing the origin of the categories based on the identification of living codes, which were grouped into axial codes according to common denominations for be able to establish judgments that allow the analysis of these and the establishment of categories for each question (Figure 1). To deepen the analysis, a concept map was developed (Figure 2) to establish the definition of the categories corresponding to the study phenomenon. Finally, Figure 3 describes the symbolic representation associated with the Manifestations of Love of the Young Adult that Violates His Partner.

Figure 1) Origins of the Four Categories.

Figure 2) Definition of Categories.

Figure 3) Conceptual network on the manifestations of love of the young adult by violating his partner.

Violence is a health problem in society, which has long been found in families for a long time, most of the time it is the woman who suffers from it, whether from her partner or from someone else However, when talking about partner violence, the man after executing a violent and/or aggressive act tries to reward the bad act with a good one or with some kind of prudent or accepted behavior by the woman, but what is it that does the man actually manifest in performing such an act ?, many times the violence that a young adult generates to his partner disguises him with acts and/or behaviors of love towards the same and in the situation of regret the woman accepts and forgives to man without questioning the behaviors and acts suffered, letting the aggression pass and accepting forgiveness after what happened.

When performing the qualitative analysis through the PDT, four categories were identified, the first is the natural perception of pleasure that man has over violence to have control, manifesting it as an alternative to be well, it can be seen that it agrees with the referred to by the Association of Health with Prevention in Colombia, since it can be mentioned that for men, in most cases it is difficult to express their feelings, their affection towards the couple and their tenderness towards other people, this because they have lived in a culture of machismo, where it is frowned upon that a man can express his feelings and/or emotions, however if he demonstrates them he is considered as a sign of weakness, since those expressions attribute him to being things of “girls or only women ”And with this a limitation is created for men to express themselves fully, even in this article it is mentioned that in their circle of friends they may create feelings notes, emotions but refuse to share or express sentimental actions for fear of rejection of them as it is common that the drama of feelings and emotions are visualized in women [13].

It should be noted that possibly the men who exercise violence, possibly at a time of their life being in childhood or adolescence experienced some type of abuse with a family member or someone close to him, since when observing the aggressions exerted by the man to the A woman at a young age, tends to perpetuate that this type of behavior in the following generations will be accepted to solve problems that exist in the couple and even the family, men say that aggression is an effective way to maintain limits in homes or in relationships [14].

According to the experiences of young adults, many investigations of violence have been carried out, despite the abundance of campaigns offered by health personnel, granting methods and thus reducing it, this phenomenon of violence is still present throughout society, in families and in romantic relationships, making themselves known in different ways, be called physical, psychological and sexual, which are those that predominate in a relationship where man consents to execute them, where they occur in the second category of violent behavior of men towards their partners through verbal, physical, psychological and sexual assaults, analyzing these aggressions, according to Laura Cruz in her study of “Sociodemographic characteristics, types and attitude towards violence in women ” ; It is mentioned that the main aggressions that occur in relationships are psychological violence since women receive insults, threats and their social development is prevented, it can also be expressed through words, gestures, gestures, slander, shouts, contempt, teasing, irony and others aimed at reducing self-esteem; After the psychological aggression, the physical aggression is the second to be executed, it can manifest itself in the form of pushes, jolts, blows, and therefore when this aggression is carried out, it can cause low self-esteem in the woman or lead to death as these actions cause damage to the bodily integrity or health of the victim. When talking about sexual assault, they manifest themselves in the form of improper touching, forced sexual acts, however it must be taken into account that it not only refers to physical contact or penetration, but also to the exposure of pornographic material, all this type of behaviors violate the victim's right to voluntarily decide about their sexual or reproductive life, this right disappears through threats, the use of force or intimidation; therefore, women victims of some type of aggression in dealing with the situation is totally unfavorable because they have some fear of the possible reactions that their aggressors are going to have, and they are certainly confused by the violent behavior of men, justifying that these types of behaviors are not harmful or have been assertive [15].

The third category is verbal and behavioral responses that men make to amend their aggressions through purchases, friendly dialogues, promises and oaths, according to the article "In the minds of men who do not love women," he says that when the aggressor feels vulnerable, the anger and rage accumulated by aspects that affect his life exploits them with acts of violence, and therefore frees himself from those feelings and emotions where his partner is the victim; after this they feel guilty for what happened, they are afraid to know that they can leave them, so some of them try to somehow "fix it" seeking forgiveness of the victim, they are told that they were wrong in their actions, that it was a mistake that this will not happen again with the aim that the woman creates them and thus achieve a reconciliation, which lasts a very short time, since an accumulation of tensions in the aggressor again occurs and explodes again. Stating their acts of violence and so the cycle repeats until it reaches the honeymoon phase again. José comments: "Asking for forgiveness, almost usually always promising that I will change, that I will not do it again, buying gifts, take her to dinner, all that kind of things" Carlos: "You try to fix it then taking it to dinner, apologizing the next day, talking to her ” [16].

The fourth category is Feeling that the violent man perceives, it is worth mentioning according to the article “ From romantic love to gender violence”, that socialization processes are different in terms of men and women, that is, when you have a romantic relationship women visualize love as a whole, while men the primary thing is social recognition, therefore love therefore the relationship is in the background, men see love as something simple since they do not show any mature responsibility with your partner, since they are autonomous and independent of them. However, it should be noted that men in following traditions according to their places of origin tend to have certain sentimental roles where they prefer passive women and that they satisfy their sexual desires, therefore it is important to point out that love is seen from different way for the man than for the woman since for her it is a sacrifice of the self, while for them it is a minor renunciation and sacrifice and a much larger containment of emotions and feelings, but this is due to the difference in the context of a society patriarchal since they teach in a different way the meaning of love and its responsibilities. Rafa: "Love is being with her, taking her to bed,"

André: "It's a feeling of authority with your partner, it's a domain and satisfaction of power," Manuel: "Love is not in my interest, love at first it is nice, with the problems after it becomes distrustful” [17].

Discussion

Violence is a health problem in society, which has long been found in families for a long time, most of the time it is the woman who suffers from it, whether from her partner or from someone else However, when talking about partner violence, the man after executing a violent and/or aggressive act tries to reward the bad act.

with a good one or with some kind of prudent or accepted behavior by the woman, but what is it that does the man actually manifest in performing such an act?, many times the violence that a young adult generates to his partner disguises him with acts and/or behaviors of love towards the same and in the situation of regret the woman accepts and forgives to man without questioning the behaviors and acts suffered, letting the aggression pass and accepting forgiveness after what happened.

The age range reported by the interviewees is that 40% are 35 years old and 33.33% are 25 years old, 60% are married, being in a high school or high school level with 33.33%, obtaining 26.66% at the secondary and bachelor's or engineering levels. It was found that 60% of respondents live with their partner, 33.33% of the subjects mentioned that they have only had one partner, 20% have had 5 couples and 12.33% have had 9 couples, 66.66% were found they are employees and only 26.66% have an occupation as professionals; However, to complement this data it is difficult to give a social profile to the aggressor, but it can be mentioned that there are several factors that can help or induce violent or aggressive acts, such as the economic situation in which they are, family situations and even professional or work situations, which certainly do not justify aggression but can help to understand the behaviors that arise from the violent subject [18].

Young adults interviewed mentioned that in 60% they do not perform any sports activity, another higher percentage (73.33%) say they do not perform artistic activities, 80% do not perform religious activities despite the fact that 100% of those interviewed mentioned being Catholic, and 53.33 does not perform any entertainment activity, however, according to Espinoza Bayal, who being interested in the participation of workshops, exhibitions, theatrical performances, cults, spiritual retreats, sports; They offer the possibility of holding informal conversations that encourage healthy and cordial relationships, which prevents the possible violence that an adult can exert with his partner or with someone else in his environment [19].

When asked about the consumption of alcoholic and energy drinks, it was found that 93.33% consume beer, another 80% tequila, 60% crazy water and 55.55% vats; According to a study conducted in the unit for the comprehensive assessment of gender violence (UVIVG) in Seville, it is proven that there is a relationship between alcohol consumption and the increase in the use of violence, but not directly, that is to say the consumption of alcohol is only a factor that encourages violence towards the couple, but not that it is precisely an exact cause to provoke it, but that it is taken into account as other circumstances to increase it, and that is as such the personality, For example, the adult can be aggressive by actions or background that have marked his life, and can manifest aggressions even without having ingested a drop of alcohol [20].

Regarding the type of drugs they usually use, it was reported that 80% consume tobacco, 13.33 marijuana, and in others with the same figure (13.33), according to a study of Implications of the consumption of psychoactive substances on health of men deprived of liberty, it is established that when using this type of drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, tobacco, among others, violent behaviors are manifested among the subjects who are in the same environment living together, however it is mentioned that when using drugs as marijuana or cocaine causes the aggressors to enter a state of unconsciousness in which women are sexually abused in most cases, instead of using tobacco, it is common for the man to violate in a psychological, verbal way or physically to women this in conjunction with alcohol consumption [21].

Conclusion

When conducting the discourse analysis and applying the Theory Based on the Data, four categories were identified, which when analyzed together allow us to know the phenomenon, which is a symbolic representation of the contradictory emotions of satisfaction, distrust, need, of control, of aggression, of regret that the man experiences with his partner. This situation is understood given that the man as a dominant figure within society, since he has been assigned the role of protection, but also the one who must direct a relationship through submitting to his partner, a situation well accepted and seen by the Mexican family However, by expressing aggressions that occur in the second moment of the cycle of violence, he modifies his behaviors to express love towards his partner, because as such he wants to have it under control, since it is to understand that a dominant and violent man lives alone, because by nature he catches his victim and thus mitigate his violent behavior.

REFERENCES

1. Valdez Medina JL, Colín BG, Martínez MM, et al. The Causes that Lead to Infidelity: An Analysis by Sex. Act of Psychological Research. 2013; 3 (3): 1271-1279.
2. Bridge AM, Landa SU, Echeburúa E, et al. Risk factors associated with violence suffered by women in the couple: a review of meta-analysis and recent studies. Annals of Psychology. 2016; 32 (1): 295-306.
3. Guedes A, Bott S. Violence against women in Latin America and the Caribbean: A public health problem of epidemic proportions. Research Gate.
4. Boira S, Carbajosa P, Méndez R. Fear, conformity and silence. Violence in relationships in rural areas of Ecuador. Psychosocial Intervention. 2015; 25: 10-11.
5. Méndez Sánchez MP, García  MM. Relationship between conflict management strategies and the perception of situational violence in the couple. Colombian Journal of Psychology. 2015; 24 (1): 99-111.
6. Peralta VM, Morales TS, Bravo LG, et al. Comparison of levels of aggression between men who engage in violence in the couple and a control group, measured with the Chilean version of the Buss and Aggression Scale Perry. Chilean Journal of Neuropsychiatry. 2016; 54 (2): 133-140.
7. Candil DM, Chapa Romero AC, Rivas Zavala CE. From dichotomous to relative. Study of implicit theories of partner violence. Region and Society. 2016; (66): 132-140.
8. Flores Palacios ML, Delgado CJ, Vidaña Jácome DC. Perception of violence in courtship between university students: control or love ? Culture-Man-Society. 2015; 25 (1) 47-61.
9. Álvarez Sucre SP, Petrizzo AG. Love, Family and Violence: social constructions of women mistreated by their partners and who go through the corresponding legal process. Behavior Analogies. 2016; (14): 84-105.
10. Villamizar YP, Vélez MB. Model of the escalation of violence in a conjugal context. Contribution from forensic social work. Domestic Violence MAKE PEACE. 2015; 69-70.
11. Cordovilla Sinche SP. Personality and violence [Bachelor Thesis] Machala UTMACH. 2015.
12. Caro García C. Gender training and early detection of violence against women based on beliefs about romantic love [Doctoral Thesis]. Seville: Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry. 2015.
13. Sexual and Reproductive Health. Health and Disease Guides. Encolombiablog. Online https://encolombia.com/salud/guias/saludsexual/saludascp-autoimagen9/.
14. Pacheco Vela MJ. Attitude towards violence against women in relationships and family social climate in adolescents. San Marcos Peru. 2015; 1 (1) 11-28.
15. Cruz García LJ. Sociodemographic characteristics, types and attitude towards violence in adolescent women of the health center. Sullana Peru 2018.
16. Hernández M. In the minds of men who do not love women. The world. Gender Violence fights against mistreatment of women. Madrid Spain. 2018.
17. Ferrer Pérez V, Bosch Fiol E. From romantic love to gender violence, for emotional coeducation in the educational agenda. Granada Spain. 2015; 11:105-122.
18. We for them. Know what characteristics an aggressive man and a woman who is a victim of violence have. 2018. Online https://www.gob.mx/nosotrosporellas/articulos/conoce-que-caracteristicas-tiene-un-hombre-maltratador-y-una-mujer-que-es-victima-de-violencia.
19. Espinosa Bayal MA, Ochaita Alderete E, Ortega Guerrero I. Training manual on the promotion of nonviolence among children and adolescents Volume II. Madrid Spain. 2015; 13-31.
20. Lopis Giménez C, Rodríguez García MI, Hernández Mancha I. Relationship between the abusive consumption of alcohol and the violence exerted by man against his partner in the unit for the comprehensive assessment of gender violence (UVIVG) in Seville. Sevilla Spain. 2015; 20 (4): 151-169.
21. Caravaca Sánchez F, Sánchez Alcaraz C, Osuna E, et al. Implications of the use of psychoactive substances on the health of men deprived of liberty. Murcia Spain. 2015; 29 (4): 292-295.