Psycho-social concepts Encountered by Health Care Professionals in Workplace at Public Health Care Centers in Eastern Region

Received: 14-Oct-2021, Manuscript No. puljnrp-21-4007; Editor assigned: 24-Oct-2021, Pre QC No. puljnrp-21-4007(PQ); Accepted Date: Nov 01, 2021; Reviewed: 06-Nov-2021 QC No. puljnrp-21-4007(Q); Revised: 21-Dec-2021, Manuscript No. . puljnrp-21-4007(R); Published: 25-Jan-2022, DOI: DOI: 10.37532/2632-251X.22.6.101

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Abstract

Background: : Psychosocial aspects may affect workers and the quality of care given and if they have a negative impact in psychological state and may lead to more problems like quality of care and intention to leave work in primary centers

Aim: : This study aims to explore the psychosocial aspect encountered by the Health Care Professionals as related to their work in Public Health Care Centers in Work place in Eastern Region.

Methods: A descriptive cross- sectional and correlative design was used. convenient subjects among 300 participants.

Results: : Participated in this study is a group of health Professional a total 300 include (doctors, nurses, pharmacist, allied health personal), above half is Females (54,3%), Married (77%) Diploma degree (50.7%), Nurses was the highest rate of Health Care Professionals (34%) In psychological aspect the highest mean of employees are affection by their passion with client at work (Highest Mean: 3.78) the work for them was valuable and important (Highest Mean: 4.36) In social aspect their found the colleagues welcome to hear each other’s and sharing problems in work or life more than managers or supervisor (Highest Mean:4.11) In last aspect the environmental aspect they were encountered that the work required them to complete their work very quickly (Highest Mean : 4.06) and more than 8 hours a day (Highest Mean: 3.49), there is no variation in work they do the same task every day (Highest Mean:4.16) the family and friends they told them they work a lot (Highest Mean : 3.91).

Conclusion: The participants of this study mainly female, nurses and married, Work place mostly prohibited and put participants in emotional disturbed situation, but this aspect potentiate their learning experience, Social support to seeking help found to be importance aspects for participants. It is obvious that stress experience of pressure and exhaustion in work for long hours, most prohibited aspects stated aspect by the study participants.

1.Introduction

Primary health care is the type of health care received in the community, usually from family physician, community nurses, staff in local clinics, or other health professionals. It should be universally accessible to individuals and families by means acceptable to them, with their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford. (World Health Organization reforms 2017). A good health care system vision should aim at giving the client a high level of care, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Healthcare is delivered by health professionals (providers or practitioners) working in allied health professions including: physicians, physician associates, dentistry, midwifery, nursing, medicine, optometry, audiology, pharmacy, psychology, and other health professions. This is done at different levels of care delivery as primary, secondary and tertiary care as well as in public health sector (Elke Peters1, Katja Spanier1, 2018) (Massoudi, Salah, and Hamdi 2017). Health Care Professionals are those persons who acquire genuine qualifications and experiences for safe practice in the healthcare sector. (Lewandowski, Coinvestigator, and Lewandowski 2015). As stated by World Health Organization in 2013, a health professional is considered as an individual who provides preventive, curative, promotional or rehabilitative health care services in a systematic way to people, families or communities. Health Care Professionals at primary health care level are often subjected to the influence of stress due to working conditions, which might create much pressure, and stress. And can affect the health of staff, especially the nurses. Also the healthcare environment affects not only participants, but also the health care providing people (Sekol and Kim 2014 ,Applebaum D, Fowler 2010). A survey of 1,000 workers from various healthcare professions in Lower Austria found that, in the rapidly expanding healthcare sector, high levels of satisfaction with the work itself is found alongside high work pressures and poor working conditions. The study differentiated between four major aspects – work organization, psychosocial stress, physical health risks and client contact, and the authors considered it to be highly representative of the sector (Brunner et al, 2011). Work place is one of the most important things that should be considered and interested in because it the place where the service is supposed to be provided. This requires giving more attention, and when one talks about the health field, then the Work place should to be free of work conflicts and problems, and the staff should be connected and able to communicate with each other to give the best care (Diehl and Gleditsch 2001 , McCarthy, J. 2013), (Manyisa and van Aswegen 2017). The psychosocial Work place is an important aspect in-participants care setting, and knowing more of its correlates might open up new paths for future workplace interventions. According to (Hanna and Mona 2014), the healthcare environment affects not only participants, but also the people that work in these environments: nurses and physicians. Any changes that are made to the physical healthcare environment in order to benefit participants, must either benefit or have neutral impacts on healthcare professionals (Koinis et al. 2015). Psychosocial aspect plays a key role in integrated health care by helping worker modify their behavior to prevent conflict in work, Also the psychosocial aspect can services in primary care to increase the quality of care given to the client and reduce work conflict, this because the quality of healthcare is one of the most important aspects in how individuals perceive their quality of life (Aram Hanna Massoudi, 2017). Work-related psychosocial stress is a growing problem around the world that affects not only the health and well-being of employees but also the productivity of organizations. Work-related stress arises where work demands of various types and combinations exceed the person’s capacity and capability to cope (Victorian Work cover Authority, 2007), Also Prolonged work stress negatively affects physical and mental health outcomes among nurses. Nursing is one of the most stressful professions owing to the emotional nature of participants demands, long working hours and health professional as well as interpersonal conflicts (Khamisa et al. 2017), many nurses perform activities that they perceive as demanding, constraining, and otherwise stressful. Mental health problems and other stress-related disorders are recognized to be among the leading causes of early retirement from work, high absence rates, overall health impairment, and low organizational productivity (World Health Organization, 2017).

STUDY METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology that used to address the research questions of the study. This includes description for the study design, Population and Subjects, setting, sampling technique, instrument, pilot study, validity and reliability, data collection procedure and data analysis.

Material and Methods

3.1 Study Design:

Design of this study is a quantitative exploratory, cross-sectional design and correlative. This method was chosen because the research is quantitative in which it looks to collect a detailed information and the cross-sectional and correlative studies are used to measure and explore potentially related factors or aspects and predictors in specific point in time as well as it gives snap shot of characteristics under study in a current population at specific point in time. As such type of study designs are used to give baseline data for under-studied subjects and issues in certain population thus also aimed to conduct survey via using such study design. (Levin, 2006) As the topic under discussion is not well studied in Saudi Arabia and baseline data needs to be accumulated for identify and understand the psychosocial aspect encountered by the Health Care Professionals as related to their work in Public Health Care Centers in Work place in Eastern Region. This study design will fulfill the purpose.The population of interest in this study included all health professional (Physician Nurses, Pharmacist, Allied health personnel) who are working in Public Health Care Centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The accessible population is health professional who work in the Public Health Care Centers in Dammam in Saudi Arabia According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health, the total number of the manpower working at Public Health Care Centers in Eastern Region 1200 worker, the health professional include (Physician:148, Nurses:387, Dentists doctor: 54, Pharmacist:59, and Allied health personnel: total 157 which include lab specialist :15, X-ray specialist :20, specialty dental health :57). The sample size determined using reliable statistical calculation formula which was 300. A representative stratified sampling method considered, the following inclusive criteria: both sex (male and female) selected out of the study population. In this sampling plan, the total population is divided into these groups and a representative sample of the groups selected. Moreover, Stratification is the process of dividing members of the population into homogeneous subgroups before sampling. The strata should be mutually exclusive: every element in the population must be assigned to only one stratum. The strata should also be collectively exhaustive, systematic sampling is applied within each stratum. The objective is to improve the precision of the sample by reducing sampling error (Botev, Z. Ridder, A. (2017).

3.3 Inclusion criteria

• The inclusion criteria for the selection of participants both male and female, all Health Care Professionals working in primary care centers Eastern Region.

3.4 Exclusion criteria

An administration worker in primary care centers

3.5 The Sample Size:

The sample size determined using reliable statistical calculation formula which was 300 , The total population size of the Health Care Professionals from the PHCS is 1200 participants which include the Health Care Professionals in Eastern Region, the sampling size is 300 Health Care Professionals only without administration employee, the sample was calculated using this formula:

Used the below parameters:

• Confidence Level: 95%.

• Confidence Interval: 5%.

• Population: 1200.

Recommendations

1. Implications of research:

It is recommended that these studies be from other hospitals and other areas of Saudi Arabia.

2. Implications for Practice:

Advise the employee to healthy life style balance in work between times and required to not get work injury. The Stress Check Program: a new national policy for monitoring and screening psychosocial stress in the workplace in Japan, its anew program to decreasing the risk of mental health problems in workers by increasing their awareness of their own stress through periodic surveys and feedback preventing mental health problems by screening for high-risk workers and providing them with opportunities (Norito Kawakami, 2017).

3. Implications for Education

It is important to focus on gaining experience from training and evidencebased research practice related work and, most importantly, to focus on health also and balance between them. 11. Limitations: Study Limitations

• The study used of convenience subjects of 300of health professionals.
• The use of convenience subjects would limit the generalizability of study findings.
•  This study uses self-administered questionnaire which is distributed for health professionals but during the data collection in PHCs some questionnaire does not return for unknown cause.

Conclusion

The participants of this study mainly female, nurses and married, Work place mostly prohibited and put participants in emotional disturbed situation, but this aspect potentiate their learning experience, social support to seeking help found to be importance aspects for participants. It is obvious that stress experience of pressure and exhaustion in work for long hours, most prohibited aspects stated aspect by the study participants.

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