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Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are a pivotal discovery in oncology, offering profound insights into tumor biology and resistance mechanisms. Unlike their differentiated counterparts, CSCs have the unique ability to self-renew, initiate tumors, and survive conventional treatments, contributing to tumor heterogeneity, recurrence, and metastasis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of CSCs, exploring their defining characteristics, roles in cancer progression, and the challenges they present in treatment. Additionally, current research efforts aimed at targeting CSCs are discussed, highlighting advancements in therapeutic strategies and future directions for improving patient outcomes.
