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Congenital variations in dental anatomy are deviations from the normal structure and morphology of teeth, which can significantly impact oral health and treatment outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence of congenital dental anomalies, such as hypodontia, hyperdontia, peg-shaped teeth, and variations in tooth shape and size, across different populations. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing clinical studies, radiographic evaluations, and epidemiological data to determine the incidence and distribution of these variations. The findings reveal that the prevalence of congenital dental anomalies varies widely among ethnic groups, with significant implications for orthodontic treatment planning, restorative procedures, and overall patient management. Furthermore, the clinical significance of these variations extends beyond aesthetics, influencing occlusion, periodontal health, and susceptibility to dental caries. Understanding these anomalies is crucial for dental professionals to develop tailored treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. This review highlights the necessity for further research in this area to establish standardized guidelines for the diagnosis and management of congenital dental variations.
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