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Anatomical diversity, the natural variation observed in the structure and arrangement of anatomical features among individuals, is a fundamental aspect of biology with implications in various fields such as medicine, anthropology, and evolutionary biology. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of anatomical diversity across different species, focusing primarily on humans. We discuss the sources of anatomical diversity, including genetic variations, developmental processes, and environmental influences. Furthermore, we explore the significance of anatomical diversity in clinical practice, such as its implications for surgical procedures, disease diagnosis, and personalized medicine. Additionally, we examine the role of anatomical diversity in evolutionary biology, including its contribution to adaptation and speciation. Finally, we highlight the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in studying anatomical diversity and propose future research directions to enhance our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
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