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Anatomical variations are common occurrences in human anatomy, presenting unique challenges and opportunities in diagnostic imaging. While most variations are benign and represent normal biological diversity, their presence can complicate the interpretation of radiological studies, potentially leading to misdiagnosis or unnecessary interventions. This article explores the wide range of anatomical variations encountered in medical imaging, emphasizing the importance of recognizing these deviations from typical anatomy to improve diagnostic accuracy. The implications of these variations are discussed across various imaging modalities, including MRI, CT, ultrasound, and X-ray. Special attention is given to critical areas such as the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems, where anatomical variants may closely mimic pathological conditions. By enhancing awareness and understanding of anatomical variations, radiologists and clinicians can reduce diagnostic errors, improve patient outcomes, and avoid unnecessary treatments. This review provides insights into common and uncommon anatomical variants, highlights strategies for their identification, and underscores their clinical relevance in everyday radiological practice.
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