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Number theory, a mathematical discipline focused on the characteristics of positive integers (1, 2, 3,...), often referred to as "higher arithmetic," stands as one of the oldest and most instinctive areas of mathematical exploration.
Throughout history, number theory has captivated not only professional mathematicians but also enthusiasts. Unlike some other mathematical fields, many of its problems and theorems can be grasped by individuals without extensive mathematical training. However, arriving at solutions and proofs often demands a high level of mathematical sophistication.