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Oncogenes are pivotal in the development of cancer, representing mutated or aberrantly expressed versions of normal genes (proto-oncogenes) that drive uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenesis. This article explores the fundamental roles of oncogenes in cancer biology, including their mechanisms of action, impact on cellular pathways, and contributions to various cancer types. We also review significant advancements in understanding oncogenes, the development of targeted therapies, and the future directions in oncogene research. By elucidating the molecular underpinnings and therapeutic potentials of oncogenes, this article aims to provide insights into how these discoveries are shaping contemporary cancer treatment and research.
