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Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the immune-enhancing potential of Salmonella Typhimurium Outer Membrane Proteins and alum as adjuvants towards inactivated Vero cells rabies vaccine (FRV/K2).
Materials and methods: Six groups of female Sprague Dawley albino rats (10 /group) were used in the evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of vaccines and adjuvants. Total IgG, secreted IFN-γ, and the percentage of proliferated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were measured. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examination were used to test safety profiles.
Results: OMP adjuvanted rabies vaccine (FRV/K2 +OMP) induced significantly higher neutralizing antibodies on day 21 post-vaccination relative to free (FRV/K2) vaccine and alum adsorbed vaccine (FRV/K2+alum) . (FRV/K2 +OMP) induced a significantly higher level of IFN-γ on day 14 post-vaccination. CD8+ T cells were significantly higher post-vaccination with reference (RV), free (FRV/K2), and (FRV/K2 +OMP) than (FRV/K2+alum). On the contrary, CD4+ T cells were significantly elevated post-vaccination with (FRV/K2+alum) at P < 0.05. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examination revealed that OMP could be used safely as an adjuvant for the development of more effective rabies vaccines.
Conclusion: Outer membrane proteins adjuvanted rabies vaccines would be beneficial to induce rapid neutralizing antibodies and essential cytokines. Keywords: Rabies, Outer membrane proteins, Adjuvant, Vaccine, Immune response.
