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Radiology, the branch of medical science dedicated to imaging and visualizing internal structures of the body, has undergone significant advancements over the past century, revolutionizing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in healthcare. This research article explores the evolution of radiology, from its inception with the discovery of X-rays to its modern applications in diagnostic imaging, interventional procedures, and image-guided therapies. We delve into the diverse modalities of radiology, including X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine, highlighting their respective strengths, limitations, and clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss emerging technologies and future directions in radiology, such as artificial intelligence, molecular imaging, and personalized medicine, and their potential to transform healthcare delivery and improve patient outcomes.