Rare Vascular Anomalies in the Brain: Implications for Stroke and Neurosurgical Interventions

Author(s): Shiori Takahashi

Vascular anomalies in the brain, though rare, can lead to severe neurological complications such as stroke, hemorrhage, and seizures. These anomalies, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), cavernous malformations (CMs), brain aneurysms, dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), and capillary telangiectasia, can be congenital and present significant challenges for both diagnosis and management. AVMs and brain aneurysms, in particular, pose risks of rupture and hemorrhagic stroke, requiring prompt surgical or endovascular intervention. Cavernous malformations and DAVFs may lead to neurological deficits or seizures, while capillary telangiectasias are often asymptomatic but can cause localized bleeding. Accurate diagnosis through advanced imaging is essential, as these anomalies may mimic other neurological conditions, complicating stroke management. Treatment options vary depending on the type, location, and severity of the anomaly, with surgical resection, embolization, and radiosurgery being common approaches. Early identification and tailored interventions are critical to improving patient outcomes in these complex cases.

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