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A 10 year (2003-2014) retrospective study of surgical reproductive conditions in large animals was conducted in Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Zaria. The rate obtained was analyzed based on species, year of presentation, disease condition and sex using percentage distribution in tabular forms, bar-charts and pie-charts. Ovine had the highest prevalence of 87 (45.10%), Followed by caprine 69 (35.70%) and bovine with the least prevalence rate of 37 (19.20%). Dystocia was the most prevalent reproductive condition with 91 (47.15%) cases, while the surgical reproductive conditions with least prevalence were preputial prolapsed, preputial abscess, ruptured urethra and scrotal hernia each with prevalence of 1 (0.52%). Small ruminants had the highest recorded prevalence of surgical reproductive disease, probably due to the religious and socio-economic importance of these animals especially sheep in northern Nigeria as they are used during festive periods, such as Eid-Elkabir, wedding and naming ceremonies. Bovine had the least prevalence rate owing to the fact that most of the cases in cattle are handled out there as ambulatory cases. Dystocia was the most prevalent surgical reproductive condition during the period of study possibly due to lack of awareness on the side of animal breeders on the possible causes of the condition and crossing of different breeds of variable sizes within the same species thereby causing dystocia due to foetal oversize. Caesarean section was therefore the most commonly used corrective surgical technique. From this study it is therefore recommended that farmers should be educated on the possible causes of such reproductive disease to curtail their occurrence and that more studies should be conducted for longer period to have better understanding of such surgical reproductive diseases.
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