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Globally, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) caused by chronic coronary artery disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite breakthroughs in medical and device therapy, its prevalence is rising. Adult stem cell therapies have emerged as a viable treatment for creating new cardio-myocytes and arteries, and they are expected to reverse functional decline in patients with congestive heart failure who are not candidates for heart transplantation. The greatest favorable outcomes from cell therapy are related with paracrine actions rather than direct differentiation, according to research conducted over the last two decades. Paracrine substances produced by stem cells, such as growth factors, cytokines, and microRNAs reduce scar volume and myocyte apoptosis, boost myocyte proliferation, and activate endogenous cardiac stem cells to create new myocytes.
