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Thalassemia is one of the most common hemoglobinopathies in the world, a category of genetic blood abnormalities. There are two different forms of thalassemia: beta and alpha. Gene mutations that result in low quantities and/or dysfunctional globin proteins, respectively, are the root cause of these disorders. One of these proteins might occasionally not exist at all. A globin fold or pocket is formed by the globin chains and is used by heme (Fe++) attachment to transport oxygen. At various times during the course of a life, several globin genes are utilised. Globin proteins connect with globin during the embryonic and foetal developmental stages, and globin protein eventually takes their place. Hemolysis is brought on by globin chain imbalances, which also hinder erythropoiesismolecular abnormalities. Because the synthesis of the alpha chain is unaffected, there is an uneven amount of globin chain production, which results in an abundance of chains
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