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Transcriptomics is a dynamic field of genomics focused on the study of RNA transcripts produced by the genome under specific conditions. This discipline offers critical insights into gene expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and functional genomics. By analyzing transcriptomes, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets. This article provides an overview of transcriptomics, highlighting its methodologies, applications, and significance in advancing biomedical research. We also discuss the future directions of transcriptomics and its potential impact on personalized medicine and disease management.