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Tumor suppressor genes are critical components in the regulation of cellular growth and the prevention of cancer. These genes encode proteins that function to inhibit uncontrolled cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and maintain genomic stability. Mutations or deletions in tumor suppressor genes can lead to the loss of these protective functions, contributing to the development and progression of cancer. This article explores the mechanisms by which tumor suppressor genes exert their functions, their role in various types of cancer, and the implications of their dysregulation for therapeutic strategies. We also review recent advancements in understanding tumor suppressor genes and discuss future directions for research and treatment.
