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International Journal of HIV and AIDS research
International Conference on
&
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, AIDS and Parasitic Infections
Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, STDs and STIs
September 21-22, 2017 San Antonio, TX, USA
Direct testing for Acanthamoeba in UAE water
Amna Al Otaiba and Selwa Alsam
University of Essex, UK
Acanthamoeba is a microscopic free-living ameba characterized as single-celled living organism that can
cause rare but severe infections of the eye, skin, and central nervous system. Acanthamoeba is found
worldwide in the environment in water and soil. Acanthamoeba can be spread to the eyes through contact lens
use, cuts, or skin wounds or by being inhaled into the lungs. The double-layered coat of Acanthamoeba cyst
enables it to survive in the presence of disinfectants. It can also tolerate wide range of temperature from −2°C
to 45°C. A variety of microorganism, such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) nest inside Acanthamoeba in the form of
endosymbiont as amoeba-associated bacteria. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Acanthamoeba and associated
endosymbiont bacteria are not yet studied, hence this study in which variety of water samples were tested for
the presence of Acanthamoeba. 55 water samples were tested for Acanthamoeba presence. Water samples were
filtered through 0.25 micrometer nitrocellulose membranes. Filters were incubated for 2 to three weeks at 30oC
using non-nutrient agar petri plates enriched with heat killed E. coli. Plates were examined microscopically for
existence of Acanthamoeba tracks. Acanthamoeba were removed from the surface and propagated axenically
using Peptone Yeast Glucose (PYG) medium. Cysts and trophozoites were characterized by morphology, PCR,
Nested PCR, and ELISAtechniques. In PCR and Nested PCR, DNAwas extracted and amplified using the primers
JDP1 and JDP2. Results from traditional PCR requires prolonged period of time. Nested PCR was used in which
the primers JDP1 and P3rev were used and the product of this amplification was amplified once again using the
P2fw and JDP2. Results indicated existence of Acanthamoeba. For further identification ELISA technics was
utilized in which a flat bottom 96 wells polystyrene plates was incubated with (rat anti Acanthamoeba polyclonal
antibodies) for 1 hour at room temperature using carbonate/bicarbonate buffer. Followed by washing with PBS
buffer and incubating with Acanthamoeba PBS suspension of 1000 cells/ml followed by another washing and
incubation with the second antibody anti-mouse IGG peroxidase for one hour at room temperature. Peroxidase
substrate with colorimetric chromagen were added and incubated for 30 minutes. Reaction was stopped by adding
3N HCl and read by ELISA reader. ELISA results confirmed with great confidence the presence of Acanthamoeba
in water. Results indicated that ELISA technic can be utilized with great accuracy to detect directly the presence
of Acanthamoeba in water samples.
Biography
Amna Al Otaiba is a PhD student under supervision of Selwa Alsam at the School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex. She has published about 8 articles
in refereed journals serving as Director of Environment Department at Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort in UAE. She has 17 years of experience in the field of
Environment and attended many international scientific conferences.